An estimated value compensation method for state of charge estimation of lithium battery based on open circuit voltage change rate

The state of charge(SOC) estimation precision of the algorithms based on equivalent circuit model(ECM) is deeply affected by the open circuit voltage(OCV)-SOC relationship, especially in the voltage error existing condition. In this article, an estimated value compensation method for SOC estimation of lithium battery based on OCV change rate is proposed. Firstly, extended Kalman filter(EKF) and unscented Kalman filter(UKF) algorithms are used to estimate SOC of LiFePO₄ and LiCoO₂ batteries in Beijing bus dynamic stress test(BBDST) condition. The results show that the root mean square errors of SOC are within 2 %. Then, the distribution characteristics of SOC estimation errors for the two batteries under different voltage errors are explored. In addition, the relationship between SOC errors and OCV change rate is analyzed. Secondly, the SOC estimation result of ampere-hour integral(AHI) method is set as an online reference. The compensation factors that related to the OCV change rate are used to compensate the estimation results of EKF and UKF algorithms. Thirdly, the validity of the proposed method is verified under different operating conditions. The experimental results show that the SOC estimation accuracy of EKF and UKF algorithms can be greatly improved by the proposed method under large voltage error existing condition.