An efficient GNSS spoofing detection scheme with correlator-based complex metric

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a vital infrastructure for civil location-based services, offering consistently high-precision positioning and navigation capabilities. However, due to the effects of fading and degradation caused by long-distance signal propagation, GNSS signals reaching the Earth's surface are extremely weak and prone to malicious interference, such as spoofing attacks. To address this challenge, we present an effective spoofing detection solution in this paper. By utilizing the In-phase and Quadrature components of the signal, we initially devise a complex metric based on correlators to facilitate the detection of cross-component anomalies indicating quality degradation and power leakage. Subsequently, we introduce an ultra-tight coupled (UTC) scheme that integrates multiple metrics to enhance stability and robustness across various spoofing scenarios. The efficacy of this proposed scheme is verified using the public dataset TEXBAT. Our results show that the introduced metric reduces the first detection time by 40% and achieves a detection probability exceeding 80%, even under stringent conditions. Furthermore, the scheme proves effective against at least 98% of spoofing parameter configurations, enabling the identification of spoofing signals even after an attack concludes.