AI-driven analysis of thermal and energy transport in solar-assisted photovoltaic automobiles employing non-Newtonian regimes for sustainable heat management

The growing need for sustainable power generation and thermal technologies has drawn significant attention to solar radiation for thermal energy production in recent years. Because of their improved heat transfer characteristics, nanofluids have become viable options for improving the operational efficiency of solar-thermal systems. To assess the thermal performance of non-Newtonian tetra hybrid nanofluid (Al₂O₃, Cu, MWCNT, GO) for sun-based applications, including solar car technology, the present investigation evaluates the fluid’s flow dynamics under the influence of thermal radiation. This approach is unique because it incorporates fluid flow assessment with artificial neural network algorithms. To simplify the computational process, the physical model is formulated as a system of nonlinear partial differential equations, which are then reduced to dimensionless ordinary differential equations via invariant similarity transformations. The bvp4c method is used to numerically solve the given equations. Additionally, a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network based on the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is created to predict the values of important physical characteristics. Excellent agreement is demonstrated when evaluating the ANN predictions with the numerical outcomes. The findings show that, while the temperature distribution is greatly improved with increased heat source strength and radiation characteristics, the fluid velocity decreases with increasing material parameters. With error values of 2.411×10⁻¹⁰, 3.3455×10⁻¹⁰, 5.354×10⁻¹⁰ and 1.873×10⁻⁰⁹, the multilayer perceptron architecture for the hybrid nanofluid demonstrates excellent prediction accuracy. The suggested optimization-oriented methodology provides new insights into the design and performance improvement of photovoltaic-powered networks, such as maritime applications, solar-powered automobiles, charging stations, greenhouses, and solar water-pumping technologies.