Agricultural Waste-derived Biochar for Energy Recovery from Waste Fermentation

The rapid development of global agriculture has led to a significant increase in agricultural waste, posing significant environmental and management challenges. Converting agricultural waste into biochar presents a sustainable and cost-effective solution, leveraging its porous structure, high carbon content, and adsorption properties for soil remediation, carbon sequestration, and pollution control. Biochar production methods range from traditional kilns to advanced pyrolysis technologies, enhancing efficiency and scalability. Additionally, biochar serves as a valuable additive in biomass fermentation, boosting renewable energy production such as methane and hydrogen by improving microbial activity, substrate hydrolysis, and electron transfer. Despite the great potential, there are still challenges in optimizing cost-effective production and commercial scalability. Future research should focus on refining biochar properties and expanding pilot projects to maximize agricultural waste value and energy recovery.