Advancing chlorine evolution reaction efficiency through magnetization-induced electron polarization and surface PdO exposure on ferromagnetic CNP/CC electrodes

This study investigates the modification of electrode materials to improve their activity and selectivity in the CER by magnetizing ferromagnetic electrode materials, thereby inducing spin polarization of electrons on the material surface. The experimental data demonstrate that in a 2 M NaCl solution (pH = 6) under a constant current density of 10 mA cm⁻², the CNP/CC electrode exhibited overpotentials that were lower by 33 mV and 73 mV prior to and following magnetization, respectively, in comparison to the standard DSA electrode. In the 300-s electrolysis test, the CNP/CC electrode exhibited Faraday efficiencies of 85.13% prior to magnetization and 94.32% following magnetization. These findings demonstrate that the CNP/CC electrode outperforms the conventional dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) electrode in terms of overpotential, highlighting the significant role of magnetization treatment in enhancing electrocatalytic performance. The CNP/CC electrode exhibited excellent stability, with only a slight potential change (from 1.14 V to 1.19 V vs. RHE) after 24 h of continuous stability testing. Notably, the CNP/CC electrode was synthesized using only 0.0304%wt of the precious metal palladium, substantially reducing the manufacturing cost of the chlorine evolution electrode and offering an efficient and cost-effective electrode material for the chlor-alkali industry.