Advances in low-carbon concrete performance through glass fiber integration: Mechanisms and recycling innovation

Low-carbon concrete, such as recycled aggregate concrete, alkali-activated concrete, and self-compacting concrete, has become one of the key materials for green building and sustainable construction due to its significant reduction in carbon emissions. However, its widespread adoption is challenged by performance limitations, including inferior mechanical properties, brittleness, and shrinkage-induced deformation. This review comprehensively evaluates the role of glass fibers in enhancing the physical, mechanical, and durability properties of low-carbon concrete while also addressing the alkali-silica reaction risks potentially associated with glass fibers. Particular attention is paid to the comparative performance between recycled glass fibers and virgin glass fibers in improving low-carbon concrete properties, along with a comprehensive analysis of the effects of various existing recycled glass fibers recycling techniques. The study provides a detailed examination of six recycling processes for recycled glass fibers, evaluating their technical feasibility, cost efficiency, and environmental impact. Furthermore, the review summarizes the latest progress in exploring the potential of glass fibers-reinforced concrete to mitigate the environmental and technological challenges posed by waste glass fiber-reinforced polymers. The insights provided here support the circular economy by promoting sustainable resource recycling.