Adaptive mapping energy video watermarking scheme in the compressed domain

The paper presents a novel video watermarking scheme called Adaptive Mapping Energy video Watermarking (AMEW) for copyright protection. The watermark is embedded in the compressed domain and extracted directly from the bitstream without original video. In the proposed scheme, authors select a part of Integer DCT quantized coefficients to construct the embedded space and embed the watermark into it by using Energy Mapping Function (EMF). During the process of embedding, such three modules as Longest Common Sequence (LCS) module, Least Modification (LM) module and Least Casting (LC) module are used to adjust the watermarked bitstream to attain the least influence of coding efficiency (high video fidelity and compression rate); re-synchronization strategy and watermark coding are used to guarantee the robustness of watermarking. The experimental results indicate that the scheme has strong robustness to the attacks such as re-encoding, frame dropping, frame rate changing and sharpening. The influence of the coding efficiency is almost unnoticeable. Besides, high watermark payload and low time complexity are advantages of the scheme compared with XDEW at the same bit rate. At the end of the paper, authors analyze the theory base and robustness of AMEW.