Accelerated surface brightening in China: The decisive role of reduced anthropogenic aerosol emissions

A profound comprehension of the key determinants behind the fluctuations in surface solar radiation (SSR) over decadal timescales is essential for advancing the fields of energy meteorology, climatology, and solar resources. While there is a general agreement among prior research on the significant impact of aerosols on SSR, a granular understanding of the specific influence that varying aerosol types exert on SSR remains elusive. This investigation delves into the respective impacts of aerosols and cloud radiative effects across China, utilizing data from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES). It further dissects the distinct impacts of different aerosol types on the decadal-scale variations in SSR, employing spectral aerosol optical depths derived from the MODIS aerosol products. The findings reveal a predominantly positive trend in SSR, ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 W/m²/yr between the years 2011 and 2022 for the majority of China's regions. However, certain areas within Northeast and Western China exhibit a decline in SSR exceeding −1 W/m²/yr. Notably, in Eastern China, a downward trend in aerosol radiative effect is observed, with a pronounced reduction of approximately −2 W/m²/yr noted specifically during the summer in Northern China. The study infers that the reduction in urban industrial emissions and biomass burning aerosols is linked to the acceleration of the brightening phenomenon in China. Our results underscore that stringent regulation of anthropogenic emissions could yield dual benefits: environmental amelioration and an upsurge in solar resource. These insights merit serious contemplation in the formulation of future policy and decision-making frameworks.