A zero-effort miss distance-based guidance law for endoatmoshperic interceptor

A terminal zero-effort miss (ZEM)-based guidance law is presented for endoatmospheric interceptors against spiraling ballistic missiles. The ZEM, which is derived by the linearized kinematics and dynamics, is chosen as sliding mode and then the sliding mode control theory is employed to design the guidance law. Also, the conditions to reach the sliding surface are investigated. Finally, the effectiveness of the presented guidance law is tested in a real interception scenario. It is shown that the guidance law is not sensitive to the target's spiraling maneuver compared with the optimal guidance law and line-of-sight-based sliding mode guidance law, especially when there is measurement noise in the system.