A Spoofing Detection Algorithm Based on Coprime Array for GNSS Receiver

Spoofing is a deliberate attack that can coerce global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers into generating false position/time solutions. The characteristics of spoofing are very similar to authentic GNSS signals, therefore, it is difficult to discriminate their presence. In this paper, we propose a spoofing detection technique based on coprime array before the de-spreading of GNSS receivers. The direction of arrival (DOA) estimation and cross-correlation peaks monitoring are combined to provide a reliable spoofing separation and detection method, in which the coprime array instead of the conventional uniform linear array (ULA) is adopted to DOA estimation so that the proposed technique is effective when the number of signals (include spoofing and satellite signals) is higher than array elements. It is worth noting that all the processes are performed on the raw digital base-band signal samples without de-spreading GNSS signals. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed spoofing detection technique. Furthermore, the estimated DOA is helpful for spoofing mitigation and location in some applications.