A small library of copper-based metallenes with superior antibacterial activity

We report the preparation of a small library of copper-based metallenes, such as copperene, brassene, bronzene, cupronickelene and AlCuZn trimetallene, via a cryo-pretreatment assisted liquid phase exfoliation method. To the best of our knowledge, these nanosheets may represent a new category of metallenes. Benefiting from mixed-valence copper-induced oxidative stress and cleavage effects of layered structures, the obtained metallenes could efficiently eliminate drug-resistant bacteria even at a concentration as low as 1 μg mL⁻¹. Due to the alloy engineering-induced change in the release rate of metal ions, the CuZn metallene exhibited a much better antibacterial ability than the other metallenes and three clinical antibiotics. We believe this work not only expands the category of emerging 2D metallenes, but also proposes a strategy combining 2D and alloy engineering to improve the antibacterial properties of copper-based materials.