A Short Review of GNSS Anti-spoofing Technology

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) provide high-precision, all-weather velocity, time, and position data for various near-Earth space vehicles, which play a crucial role in both military and civilian time synchronization and positioning applications. However, the satellite navigation signals received on Earth’s surface are relatively weak, making GNSS susceptible to various types of interference. Spoofing interference can cause user receivers to output erroneous solutions without detection, potentially leading to catastrophic consequences. In this increasingly challenging GNSS application environment, effective anti-spoofing methods are of paramount importance for ensuring receiver application security. They can enhance the accuracy of weapons’ precision guidance and protect the stable operation of national critical infrastructure and key industries. To improve satellite navigation receivers’ application security in spoofing environments, this paper reviews and summarizes current GNSS anti-spoofing technologies from two perspectives: spoofing detection and spoofing mitigation. Furthermore, future directions for advancing satellite navigation anti-spoofing technologies are discussed.