A scheduling framework for VPP considering multiple uncertainties and flexible resources

This paper presents a two-stage scheduling framework for a virtual power plant (VPP) to address uncertainties in wind power plants (WPP), photovoltaic (PV), load, and price in the power system. The framework consists of a day-ahead (DA) scheduling stage and an intraday adjustment stage. The DA scheduling stage formulates the VPP's internal controllable resource scheduling strategy and the energy market's bidding plan. The intraday adjustment stage provides flexibility to adjust the scheduling strategy of controllable resources in the VPP to enhance power generation stability. To address profit distribution issues, the paper proposes a profit distribution strategy based on scheduling costs of each component unit of the VPP. The VPP considers various factors, such as battery capacity degradation, carbon credit trading, flexibility of electric vehicles (EVs), and novel demand response (DR) strategies. The case study demonstrates that accounting for battery capacity degradation reduces the utilization of energy storage systems (ESSs) and EVs, while considering controllable load and EVs increases the VPP's flexibility and decreases carbon emissions. Furthermore, the proposed two-stage scheduling strategy effectively handles multiple uncertainties. Finally, the implementation of new DR strategies leads to a reduction in cost by 6.83% (time-of-use) and 8.1% (real-time price) for the VPP.