A review on mycelial pellets as biological carriers: Wastewater treatment and recovery for resource and energy

Mycelial pellets, a new environment friendly biological carrier, have received wide attention from researchers due to porosity, stability and unique biocompatibility. In this article, the theoretical basis and mechanism of mycelial pellets as a biological carrier were analyzed from the properties of mycelial pellets and the interaction between mycelial pellets and other microorganisms. This article aims to collate and present the current application and development trend of mycelial pellets as biological carriers in wastewater treatment, resource and energy recovery, especially the symbiotic particle system formed by mycelial pellets and microalgae is an important way to break through the technical bottleneck of biodiesel recovery from wastewater. This review also analyzes the research hotspots and trends of mycelial pellets as carriers in recent years, discusses the challenges faced by this technology, and puts forward corresponding solutions.