A multi-parameter measuring machine for non-circular raceway bearings used in production lines and its calibration method

This study presents a multi-parameter measuring machine and calibration method for non-circular raceway bearings used in production lines. Addressing the critical need for quality control in aviation bearings amid the expanding low-altitude economy, our solution overcomes limitations of traditional methods that either risk workpiece damage or lack accuracy. The proposed system features a four-axis configuration with dual dispersion confocal probes and industrial fastening fixtures for enhanced stability. Key innovations include: (1) Gauge Block Rotation Method (GBRM) for dual-probe calibration that reduces gauge block thickness deviation from > 10 μm to 0.3 μm compared to traditional sphere calibration; (2) Multi-step Rotation Calibration Method (MRCM) that determines probe absolute position and compensates for calibrator eccentricity using least squares and Levenberg–Marquardt algorithms; and (3) an installation deviation coupling model with Fourier transform-aided error compensation. Experimental results demonstrate significant performance improvements: measurement time under 40 s (versus 8 min for conventional methods), raceway profile deviation below 0.5 μm, absolute size deviation under 1.5 μm, short-term repeatability below 0.2 μm, and long-term stability under 0.6 μm across 11 measurements over 120 h. Beyond non-circular raceway bearings, the method extends to complex rotating bodies such as gun barrels and gears, offering a scalable solution for aerospace rotating component quality control in production environments.