A Hybrid HVDC Transmission System Based on Diode Rectifier Units for Enhanced AC Grid Support

Ran Guo; Rui Li; Zhaogang Li; Yuanzhen Li; Jiaxing Wang; Dianguo Xu

doi:10.1007/978-981-95-9287-6_63

A Hybrid HVDC Transmission System Based on Diode Rectifier Units for Enhanced AC Grid Support

Ran Guo
, Rui Li^*
, Zhaogang Li
, Yuanzhen Li
, Jiaxing Wang
, Dianguo Xu

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology
State Grid Corporation of China

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

To address the critical challenge of long-distance transmission from renewable energy bases, this paper proposes a novel hybrid high-voltage direct current (HVDC) architecture. The sending end utilizes diode rectifier units (DRUs) for low-cost power rectification, while the receiving end employs a modular multilevel converter (MMC) with virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control to provide system-level inertia support. A steady-state mathematical model of the DRU is developed to quantify its external characteristics. Additionally, an analytical expression for system frequency-power sensitivity under receiving-end frequency disturbances is derived to reveal the power coupling mechanism between the DRU and MMC. Simulation results confirms the effectiveness of this architecture in enhancing frequency stability through addition active power contribution from the send-end DRU station.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	The Proceedings of 2025 International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems - Volume 3
Editors	Yong Li, Zhihong Xu, Longfei Tang, Kai Song, Zhengmao Li, Yonghui Liu
Publisher	Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Pages	656-665
Number of pages	10
ISBN (Print)	9789819592869
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-9287-6_63
State	Published - 2026
Externally published	Yes
Event	International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems, EENES 2025 - Hangzhou, China Duration: 31 Oct 2025 → 2 Nov 2025

Publication series

Name	Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
Volume	1615 LNEE
ISSN (Print)	1876-1100
ISSN (Electronic)	1876-1119

Conference

Conference	International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems, EENES 2025
Country/Territory	China
City	Hangzhou
Period	31/10/25 → 2/11/25

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Keywords

Diode rectifier units (DRUs)
HVDC transmission
Inertia support
Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs)
Virtual synchronous generators (VSGs)

Access to Document

10.1007/978-981-95-9287-6_63

Cite this

Guo, R., Li, R., Li, Z., Li, Y., Wang, J., & Xu, D. (2026). A Hybrid HVDC Transmission System Based on Diode Rectifier Units for Enhanced AC Grid Support. In Y. Li, Z. Xu, L. Tang, K. Song, Z. Li, & Y. Liu (Eds.), The Proceedings of 2025 International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems - Volume 3 (pp. 656-665). (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering; Vol. 1615 LNEE). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-9287-6_63

Guo, Ran ; Li, Rui ; Li, Zhaogang et al. / A Hybrid HVDC Transmission System Based on Diode Rectifier Units for Enhanced AC Grid Support. The Proceedings of 2025 International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems - Volume 3. editor / Yong Li ; Zhihong Xu ; Longfei Tang ; Kai Song ; Zhengmao Li ; Yonghui Liu. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2026. pp. 656-665 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering).

@inproceedings{f061a1d3e79d493993c633e0edcca857,

title = "A Hybrid HVDC Transmission System Based on Diode Rectifier Units for Enhanced AC Grid Support",

abstract = "To address the critical challenge of long-distance transmission from renewable energy bases, this paper proposes a novel hybrid high-voltage direct current (HVDC) architecture. The sending end utilizes diode rectifier units (DRUs) for low-cost power rectification, while the receiving end employs a modular multilevel converter (MMC) with virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control to provide system-level inertia support. A steady-state mathematical model of the DRU is developed to quantify its external characteristics. Additionally, an analytical expression for system frequency-power sensitivity under receiving-end frequency disturbances is derived to reveal the power coupling mechanism between the DRU and MMC. Simulation results confirms the effectiveness of this architecture in enhancing frequency stability through addition active power contribution from the send-end DRU station.",

keywords = "Diode rectifier units (DRUs), HVDC transmission, Inertia support, Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs), Virtual synchronous generators (VSGs)",

author = "Ran Guo and Rui Li and Zhaogang Li and Yuanzhen Li and Jiaxing Wang and Dianguo Xu",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2026.; International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems, EENES 2025 ; Conference date: 31-10-2025 Through 02-11-2025",

year = "2026",

doi = "10.1007/978-981-95-9287-6\_63",

language = "英语",

isbn = "9789819592869",

series = "Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering",

publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH",

pages = "656--665",

editor = "Yong Li and Zhihong Xu and Longfei Tang and Kai Song and Zhengmao Li and Yonghui Liu",

booktitle = "The Proceedings of 2025 International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems - Volume 3",

address = "德国",

}

Guo, R, Li, R, Li, Z, Li, Y, Wang, J & Xu, D 2026, A Hybrid HVDC Transmission System Based on Diode Rectifier Units for Enhanced AC Grid Support. in Y Li, Z Xu, L Tang, K Song, Z Li & Y Liu (eds), The Proceedings of 2025 International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems - Volume 3. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol. 1615 LNEE, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, pp. 656-665, International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems, EENES 2025, Hangzhou, China, 31/10/25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-9287-6_63

A Hybrid HVDC Transmission System Based on Diode Rectifier Units for Enhanced AC Grid Support. / Guo, Ran; Li, Rui; Li, Zhaogang et al.
The Proceedings of 2025 International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems - Volume 3. ed. / Yong Li; Zhihong Xu; Longfei Tang; Kai Song; Zhengmao Li; Yonghui Liu. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2026. p. 656-665 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering; Vol. 1615 LNEE).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - A Hybrid HVDC Transmission System Based on Diode Rectifier Units for Enhanced AC Grid Support

AU - Guo, Ran

AU - Li, Rui

AU - Li, Zhaogang

AU - Li, Yuanzhen

AU - Wang, Jiaxing

AU - Xu, Dianguo

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2026.

PY - 2026

Y1 - 2026

N2 - To address the critical challenge of long-distance transmission from renewable energy bases, this paper proposes a novel hybrid high-voltage direct current (HVDC) architecture. The sending end utilizes diode rectifier units (DRUs) for low-cost power rectification, while the receiving end employs a modular multilevel converter (MMC) with virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control to provide system-level inertia support. A steady-state mathematical model of the DRU is developed to quantify its external characteristics. Additionally, an analytical expression for system frequency-power sensitivity under receiving-end frequency disturbances is derived to reveal the power coupling mechanism between the DRU and MMC. Simulation results confirms the effectiveness of this architecture in enhancing frequency stability through addition active power contribution from the send-end DRU station.

AB - To address the critical challenge of long-distance transmission from renewable energy bases, this paper proposes a novel hybrid high-voltage direct current (HVDC) architecture. The sending end utilizes diode rectifier units (DRUs) for low-cost power rectification, while the receiving end employs a modular multilevel converter (MMC) with virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control to provide system-level inertia support. A steady-state mathematical model of the DRU is developed to quantify its external characteristics. Additionally, an analytical expression for system frequency-power sensitivity under receiving-end frequency disturbances is derived to reveal the power coupling mechanism between the DRU and MMC. Simulation results confirms the effectiveness of this architecture in enhancing frequency stability through addition active power contribution from the send-end DRU station.

KW - Diode rectifier units (DRUs)

KW - HVDC transmission

KW - Inertia support

KW - Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs)

KW - Virtual synchronous generators (VSGs)

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U2 - 10.1007/978-981-95-9287-6_63

DO - 10.1007/978-981-95-9287-6_63

M3 - 会议稿件

AN - SCOPUS:105042723957

SN - 9789819592869

T3 - Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

SP - 656

EP - 665

BT - The Proceedings of 2025 International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems - Volume 3

A2 - Li, Yong

A2 - Xu, Zhihong

A2 - Tang, Longfei

A2 - Song, Kai

A2 - Li, Zhengmao

A2 - Liu, Yonghui

PB - Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH

T2 - International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems, EENES 2025

Y2 - 31 October 2025 through 2 November 2025

ER -

Guo R, Li R, Li Z, Li Y, Wang J, Xu D. A Hybrid HVDC Transmission System Based on Diode Rectifier Units for Enhanced AC Grid Support. In Li Y, Xu Z, Tang L, Song K, Li Z, Liu Y, editors, The Proceedings of 2025 International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy Systems - Volume 3. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. 2026. p. 656-665. (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering). doi: 10.1007/978-981-95-9287-6_63

A Hybrid HVDC Transmission System Based on Diode Rectifier Units for Enhanced AC Grid Support

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

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