A Hierarchical Belief–Rule Base Framework for Seismic Functional Fragility and Resilience Assessment of Railway Stations: Integrating Multicomponent Interdependencies and Uncertainty Quantification

High-speed railway (HSR) station, consisting of various structural and nonstructural components and equipment, is highly complex in functionality analysis after earthquakes. This study proposes a resilience assessment framework using a hierarchical belief–rule base that integrates critical components to evaluate station functionality, which systematically quantifies interdependencies among multicomponent damage states and system-level functional performance, thereby overcoming the limitations of conventional single-component evaluation approaches. Three resilience metrics are introduced to holistically evaluate system resilience, encompassing rapid recovery efficiency and recovery stability. Moreover, a seismic functional fragility assessment framework based on the lumped-mass stick model is introduced. Integrating multisource uncertainties, it overcomes limitations of conventional structural fragility analyses. Validation through case studies confirms the framework's effectiveness in guiding pre-earthquake design, post-earthquake recovery, and resilience enhancement for HSR stations.