A fast rank-reduction algorithm for three-dimensional seismic data interpolation

Rank-reduction methods have been successfully used for seismic data interpolation and noise attenuation. However, highly intense computation is required for singular value decomposition (SVD) in most rank-reduction methods. In this paper, we propose a simple yet efficient interpolation algorithm, which is based on the Hankel matrix, for randomly missing traces. Following the multichannel singular spectrum analysis (MSSA) technique, we first transform the seismic data into a low-rank block Hankel matrix for each frequency slice. Then, a fast orthogonal rank-one matrix pursuit (OR1MP) algorithm is employed to minimize the low-rank constraint of the block Hankel matrix. In the new algorithm, only the left and right top singular vectors are needed to be computed, thereby, avoiding the complexity of computation required for SVD. Thus, we improve the calculation efficiency significantly. Finally, we anti-average the rank-reduction block Hankel matrix and obtain the reconstructed data in the frequency domain. Numerical experiments on 3D seismic data show that the proposed interpolation algorithm provides much better performance than the traditional MSSA algorithm in computational speed, especially for large-scale data processing.