A Coprime Array-Based Technique for Spoofing Detection and DOA Estimation in GNSS

In this article, we propose a coprime array-based technique that enables global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers to reliably defend against spoofing attacks with a small time offset. The technique can not only detect spoofing, but also provide the direction of arrival (DOA) of the spoofing source. Our approach is implemented on the raw digital baseband signals, hence it does not need to perform the complex despreading and acquisition stage of the GNSS receiver. Crucially, the detector is still available when the number of signals (including spoofing and satellite signals) is more than the number of array elements. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique in terms of DOA estimation and spoofing detection.