A conservative cascade semi-Lagrangian method for solving the Vlasov equation

The cascade remapping method, originally proposed by Nair et al. (2002) for atmospheric modeling, enables efficient and mass-conservative semi-Lagrangian (SL) transport through successive one-dimensional remapping. While widely used in geophysical flows, its application to plasma kinetics remains limited. To exploit its potential advantages in conservation and scalability, this work applies the conservative cascade semi-Lagrangian (CCSL) scheme to the Vlasov equation and related plasma models. A consistency analysis shows that the scheme attains second-order spatial accuracy, with the dominant error arising from the geometric approximation of the backtracked region. Moreover, two improvements are introduced: a freestream-preserving correction that ensures exact volume conservation, and a maximum-principle limiter that suppresses spurious oscillations while maintaining positivity and mass conservation. Numerical tests-including linear advection, guiding-center, and relativistic Vlasov-Maxwell models-confirm the high accuracy, robustness, and long-term stability of the improved CCSL method. Compared with the conservative semi-Lagrangian (CSL) and the backward semi-Lagrangian (BSL) schemes, it better preserves physical invariants under divergence-free conditions, providing a robust and efficient framework for high-fidelity plasma kinetic simulations with good parallel scalability.