A comprehensive seismic resilience assessment framework for urban building portfolios considering building functional importance

This study proposes a comprehensive seismic resilience assessment framework for urban building portfolios considering building functional importance (BFI). The framework systematically integrates spatial correlation modelling of ground motions, damage and loss assessment of building portfolios, and analysis of post-earthquake functional recovery processes, these components enable a holistic and quantitative evaluation of earthquake impacts on urban functionality. We introduce BFI and functional sensitivity factor (FSF) to establish a consistent mapping between structural damage and urban functional impacts. Building on this, we develop a post-earthquake recovery prioritization model that reflects differences in functional importance and simulates functional recovery under various strategies. Furthermore, we propose a normalized scoring function based on expected loss ratios. This function maps multiple loss indicators into a dimensionless space and enables the seismic resilience of urban building portfolios to be quantified in a comprehensive manner. Finally, we conduct a case application using a virtual city that includes buildings with diverse functional types. The results show that recovery strategies prioritizing functionally important buildings significantly accelerate the restoration of critical functions in the early post-earthquake stage and effectively reduce short-term functional losses. The proposed framework provides reliable quantitative support for optimizing post-earthquake resource allocation and functional recovery decisions, and for enhancing urban seismic resilience.