A Comparative Analysis of Synchronization Stability in Droop, VSG, and VOC Grid-Forming Inverters

Zhibin Yan; Li Li; Bin Che; Panlong Jin; Huihui Song

doi:10.1109/ICEPG67373.2025.11466671

A Comparative Analysis of Synchronization Stability in Droop, VSG, and VOC Grid-Forming Inverters

Zhibin Yan
, Li Li
, Bin Che
, Panlong Jin
, Huihui Song^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Ningxia Electric Power Company
School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology
School of New Energy, Harbin Institute of Technology Weihai

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

With the increasing integration of distributed generation and energy storage systems, the synchronization stability of grid-forming (GFM) inverters has become a critical research topic. This paper investigates the synchronization stability of droop-controlled, virtual synchronous generator (VSG)-controlled, and virtual oscillator-controlled (VOC) inverters based on a single-machine infinite-bus model, considering voltage characteristics. The phase-plane method is applied to analyze the influence of system parameters on these three types of GFM inverters. The results indicate that a deeper grid-side voltage sag and higher line impedance can lead to the disappearance of equilibrium points, thereby causing oscillations. These findings can provide guidance for parameter tuning of GFM inverters under weak grid conditions.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Energy, Power and Grid, ICEPG 2025
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Pages	380-384
Number of pages	5
ISBN (Electronic)	9798331598303
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEPG67373.2025.11466671
State	Published - 2025
Externally published	Yes
Event	2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Energy, Power and Grid, ICEPG 2025 - Guangzhou, China Duration: 12 Sep 2025 → 14 Sep 2025

Publication series

Name	2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Energy, Power and Grid, ICEPG 2025

Conference

Conference	2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Energy, Power and Grid, ICEPG 2025
Country/Territory	China
City	Guangzhou
Period	12/09/25 → 14/09/25

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Keywords

Grid-connected inverter
Grid-forming inverter
Synchronization Stability

Access to Document

10.1109/ICEPG67373.2025.11466671

Cite this

Yan, Z., Li, L., Che, B., Jin, P., & Song, H. (2025). A Comparative Analysis of Synchronization Stability in Droop, VSG, and VOC Grid-Forming Inverters. In 2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Energy, Power and Grid, ICEPG 2025 (pp. 380-384). (2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Energy, Power and Grid, ICEPG 2025). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEPG67373.2025.11466671

Yan, Zhibin ; Li, Li ; Che, Bin et al. / A Comparative Analysis of Synchronization Stability in Droop, VSG, and VOC Grid-Forming Inverters. 2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Energy, Power and Grid, ICEPG 2025. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025. pp. 380-384 (2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Energy, Power and Grid, ICEPG 2025).

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title = "A Comparative Analysis of Synchronization Stability in Droop, VSG, and VOC Grid-Forming Inverters",

abstract = "With the increasing integration of distributed generation and energy storage systems, the synchronization stability of grid-forming (GFM) inverters has become a critical research topic. This paper investigates the synchronization stability of droop-controlled, virtual synchronous generator (VSG)-controlled, and virtual oscillator-controlled (VOC) inverters based on a single-machine infinite-bus model, considering voltage characteristics. The phase-plane method is applied to analyze the influence of system parameters on these three types of GFM inverters. The results indicate that a deeper grid-side voltage sag and higher line impedance can lead to the disappearance of equilibrium points, thereby causing oscillations. These findings can provide guidance for parameter tuning of GFM inverters under weak grid conditions.",

keywords = "Grid-connected inverter, Grid-forming inverter, Synchronization Stability",

author = "Zhibin Yan and Li Li and Bin Che and Panlong Jin and Huihui Song",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 IEEE.; 2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Energy, Power and Grid, ICEPG 2025 ; Conference date: 12-09-2025 Through 14-09-2025",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1109/ICEPG67373.2025.11466671",

language = "英语",

series = "2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Energy, Power and Grid, ICEPG 2025",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",

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Yan, Z, Li, L, Che, B, Jin, P & Song, H 2025, A Comparative Analysis of Synchronization Stability in Droop, VSG, and VOC Grid-Forming Inverters. in 2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Energy, Power and Grid, ICEPG 2025. 2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Energy, Power and Grid, ICEPG 2025, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 380-384, 2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Energy, Power and Grid, ICEPG 2025, Guangzhou, China, 12/09/25. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEPG67373.2025.11466671

A Comparative Analysis of Synchronization Stability in Droop, VSG, and VOC Grid-Forming Inverters. / Yan, Zhibin; Li, Li; Che, Bin et al.
2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Energy, Power and Grid, ICEPG 2025. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025. p. 380-384 (2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Energy, Power and Grid, ICEPG 2025).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - A Comparative Analysis of Synchronization Stability in Droop, VSG, and VOC Grid-Forming Inverters

AU - Yan, Zhibin

AU - Li, Li

AU - Che, Bin

AU - Jin, Panlong

AU - Song, Huihui

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - With the increasing integration of distributed generation and energy storage systems, the synchronization stability of grid-forming (GFM) inverters has become a critical research topic. This paper investigates the synchronization stability of droop-controlled, virtual synchronous generator (VSG)-controlled, and virtual oscillator-controlled (VOC) inverters based on a single-machine infinite-bus model, considering voltage characteristics. The phase-plane method is applied to analyze the influence of system parameters on these three types of GFM inverters. The results indicate that a deeper grid-side voltage sag and higher line impedance can lead to the disappearance of equilibrium points, thereby causing oscillations. These findings can provide guidance for parameter tuning of GFM inverters under weak grid conditions.

AB - With the increasing integration of distributed generation and energy storage systems, the synchronization stability of grid-forming (GFM) inverters has become a critical research topic. This paper investigates the synchronization stability of droop-controlled, virtual synchronous generator (VSG)-controlled, and virtual oscillator-controlled (VOC) inverters based on a single-machine infinite-bus model, considering voltage characteristics. The phase-plane method is applied to analyze the influence of system parameters on these three types of GFM inverters. The results indicate that a deeper grid-side voltage sag and higher line impedance can lead to the disappearance of equilibrium points, thereby causing oscillations. These findings can provide guidance for parameter tuning of GFM inverters under weak grid conditions.

KW - Grid-connected inverter

KW - Grid-forming inverter

KW - Synchronization Stability

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105038013271

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DO - 10.1109/ICEPG67373.2025.11466671

M3 - 会议稿件

AN - SCOPUS:105038013271

T3 - 2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Energy, Power and Grid, ICEPG 2025

SP - 380

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BT - 2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Energy, Power and Grid, ICEPG 2025

PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

T2 - 2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Energy, Power and Grid, ICEPG 2025

Y2 - 12 September 2025 through 14 September 2025

ER -

Yan Z, Li L, Che B, Jin P, Song H. A Comparative Analysis of Synchronization Stability in Droop, VSG, and VOC Grid-Forming Inverters. In 2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Energy, Power and Grid, ICEPG 2025. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2025. p. 380-384. (2025 IEEE 7th International Conference on Energy, Power and Grid, ICEPG 2025). doi: 10.1109/ICEPG67373.2025.11466671

A Comparative Analysis of Synchronization Stability in Droop, VSG, and VOC Grid-Forming Inverters

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

UN SDGs

Keywords

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