骨组织工程多孔生物支架设计研究进展

Due to the aging of the population, severe nonunion fracture and other bone defects, the demand for artificial bone substitutes has increased dramatically. As an artificial substitute for bone defects, scaffolds play a crucial role in new bone regeneration for bone tissue engineering. Different tissues of the human body (bone and cartilage), and even different parts of the same tissue (the central part and the external part of bone), have different requirements for the mechanical properties, internal microstructure and porosity of the scaffolds. How to simulate the performance and structure of natural bone on the basis of ideal biological materials, design a scaffold with controllable mechanical properties, gradient pore structure and permeability, has been plaguing tissue engineering researchers. The representative research work of porous bone scaffolds in design and molding has been reviewed in recent years. The design methods of porous scaffolds are mainly explored. The challenges of porous scaffolds are expounded in bone tissue engineering applications. The review provides a reference for the further research and application of controllable porous scaffolds.