铀及铀合金材料塑性变形机理及轧制技术研究进展

Uranium and its alloys as structural and functional materials are widely used in the field of energy and nuclear engineering for their excellent mechanical and nuclear properties. At low temperatures, the plastic deformation performance is different from that of conventional materials because of its orthorhombic crystalline structure. Twinning is the primary deformation mechanism of α-U, therefore, the forming property of the material at low temperature is poor. At high temperature, γ-U owns body-centered cubic structure, so plastic deformation is easy to occur by dislocations slipping. In the past, uranium and its alloys sheet rolling is usually finished at high temperature (750-1 000℃). High temperature processing of radioactive materials can cause serious aerosol pollution, so protection of environment and personnel is difficult. In recent years, the research and development of low temperature(<500℃) rolling technology of uranium material is developed. By theory guiding technology, rolling technology of uranium is gradually maturing. At present, a variety of plates such as uranium metal, U-Nb alloy and U-Mo alloy have been obtained by low temperature rolling, and it also lays a foundation for the subsequent forming technology (such as drawing, spinning, bulging, blanking, etc.).