针对站点人流爆发的公交运营策略优化研究

With the rapid development of public transit,an imbalance in supply and demand occurs more frequently. This study focused on the issue of explosive passenger flows at bus stations and endeavored to optimize the bus operational strategy for addressing the high imbalance in demand and supply. The study further aimed to find a universal method for expanding the capacity of the bus line to accommodate explosive passenger flows at stations and reduce the adverse impact on the bus system. Stations investigated in this study were mainly in the vicinity of large-scale gathering places, such as shopping malls and scenic spots. Optimization of the operational strategy involved building a shuttle line based on the normal bus line, and coordinating the evacuation of explosive passenger flows with the normal line operation. The strategy included a combination of normal line operation optimization and shuttle line planning. In order to obtain a comprehensive and effective line operational strategy in the study area, a nonlinear integer programming model was developed with the aim of maximizing social welfare to determine the best headway and the optimal number of additional vehicles. System resilience was used as the evaluation index of the model. In order to prove the effectiveness of the optimization model, Harbin city center was chosen as the research area for solving the explosive passenger flow problem. A model was constructed, solved, and evaluated. After optimization of the bus operational strategy, the resilience of the line that carries explosive passenger flows increases by 35% and the social welfare doubles. The operational strategy mentioned above can enhance system management for varying passenger numbers and different constraints. The proposed method can alleviate explosive passenger flows at bus stations.