载人火星探测进展及其EDL过程GNC关键技术

With the development of Mars exploration technology and the advancement of Mars exploration missions, human Mars missions will become an important means of Mars exploration in the future. This paper first summarizes the current situation of unmanned Mars exploration missions, analyzing and comparing afterwards the Entry, Descent and Landing (EDL) parameters of some successful unmanned Mars explorers. Next, the characteristics and requirements of human Mars missions are presented based on a combination with the process of unmanned Mars exploration, manned lunar exploration, and manned earth re-entry. The research progress and technologies of human Mars missions in the Soviet Union/ Russia and the United States are then systematically introduced. Hereafter, the main composition, assembly means, and main technical challenges of human Mars missions are provided. Furthermore, the problems of EDL in human Mars missions are summarized, followed finally by an introduction of key technologies of Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) during EDL in human Mars missions.