考虑热效应的空化流动研究进展

In the multi-phase hydrodynamic processes of high-speed vehicles, such as underwater emission and supercavitation navigation, it is necessary to consider the influence of thermal effect on the cavitation dynamics during the process of passing high temperature gas to form the cavitation.These dynamics are influenced during the formation of cavities by the injection of high-temperature gases. Moreover, cavitation phenomena also arise in engineering challenges like the supply of cryogenic liquid fuel in rockets and the high-temperature fluid transport through nuclear reactor pipelines. In these scenarios, thermal effects not only alter the physical properties of fluids, affecting interphase mass transport and heat transfer, but also trigger complex dynamics and significant thermodynamic changes. Understanding the mechanisms of cavitation influenced by thermal effects, as well as the laws governing energy transfer and flow instability mechanisms, constitutes a primary scientific challenge. This paper categorizes cavitation or cavity flows considering thermal effects into four types, defined by specific influencing factors: cavitation above high-temperature wall, cavitation by high-temperature ventilation, cavitation of high-temperature water, and cavitation of low-temperature thermally sensitive fluid. The paper provides a comprehensive review of the evolution characteristics and influence rules of cavitation under these four types of conditions. It discusses cavitation models and turbulence models that are commonly utilized in numerical simulations considering thermal effects, alongside various multiphysics field measurement techniques employed in experimental studies. However, it acknowledges that both numerical simulation techniques and experimental methodologies in this field require further development and refinement. In the future, it is necessary to delve deeper into the influence mechanism of thermal effect on the generation and stability of cavitation flows. A thorough understanding of these effects is crucial for mastering the characteristics and behaviors of thermally influenced cavitation flows. Achieving this understanding is essential for providing more accurate data support, analytical tools, and theoretical foundations necessary for engineering design and optimization in related fields.