美国科技安全创新政策的新动向———兼论中国科技自立自强战略的新机遇

The world is undergoing the greatest changes in a century, scientific and technological strength has always been an important factor to measure national strength. Furthermore, low-quality scientific and technological innovation will lead to its inferior position in the competition among big countries. In the long run, it will be firmly locked at the bottom of the global value chain, and then lose the initiative of development, which will fundamentally affect national security. Different from the traditional scientific and technological innovation policy, the scientific and technological security innovation policy realizes the complementarity of " security" and " innovation" by coordinating the relationship between science and technology and security. Specifically, the scientific and technological security innovation policy emphasizes several policy designs: first, the basic point of the scientific and technological security innovation policy is to establish an efficient, systematic and coordinated " balanced" strategic planning under the logic of dialectics and at the macro level. Second, the manifestations of science and technology security innovation policies are different in various countries. Scientific and technological innovation from the perspective of " national security" is difficult to avoid having national characteristics. Third, scientific and technological innovation is often used as the key means scientific and technological security or economic security, and ultimately serves to protect national security or national interests. Based on the relevant policy texts characterizing American scientific and technological security innovation in recent years, it is found that the core concern of American scientific and technological security innovation policy is key technologies and emerging technologies. Its value orientation is American technological nationalism, which always serves the overall strategic situation of national security. Among them, National Security Innovation Base proposed by the United States in 2017 is an important strategic pillar of scientific and technological security innovation. Based on the perspective of " breaking the containment", it is found that American science and technology security innovation policy has the internal logic of transcending parties, and takes " national security" as the supreme principle to implement an all-round science and technology containment strategy. Further, the United States has imposed a three-dimensional and all-round blockade on bottleneck technology in China from the aspects of trade, science and technology and talents. Accordingly, the United States has comprehensively strengthened its leading edge in science and technology in China and constantly reviewed and adjusted its science and technology security innovation policy. Based on the perspective of " finding the gap", it is found that China and the United States have similarities in the government role and factor coordination of the national system, but China is still weak in basic research as a whole. Based on the lack of elements and policy weaknesses for China to achieve high-level self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology, China is in a critical period of accelerating the evolution of scientific and technological revolution to industrial reform, and there is an urgent need to improve the strategic security of key technology fields and core industries. It is found that the strategic choice of China′s self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology is the result of the joint promotion of its own foundation and the external situation, which reflects the CPCś correct grasp of the law of scientific and technological innovation. In the future, we need to comprehensively plan key measures with strategic thinking, and put forward specific countermeasures from the aspects of building a higher level intelligence system, focusing on breaking through key technologies, building the new type of national system and promoting basic research.