电驱动形状记忆聚合物复合材料及其应用进展

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are a type of smart materials that can return to their original shape in response to external stimuli. Shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) are created combining SMPs with other functional materials and can provide intelligent deformation with a variety of external stimuli. SMPs are not typically electrically conductive but can be combined with conductive materials to form a continuous internal network that can impart conductivity to the material. When electricity is applied, the current heats the material, resulting in electroactivation. Electroactive SMPCs afford advantages including remote activation, adjustable activation voltage, and insensitivity to environmental factors; they have great potential for application in aerospace, microelectronics, and biomedicine. They can also be used in 4D printing, a new intelligent material-forming technology whose printed products exhibit excellent shape memory performance. This paper reviews the current state of research into various types of electroactive SMPC, compares the relative performance of different types of conductive fillers and material structures, introduces the application of electroactive SMPCs to various fields, presents the advantages and disadvantages of SMPCs, and suggests directions for future development.