电解海水制氢工艺及系统研究现状及未来趋势

As a clean and efficient secondary energy source，hydrogen energy represents a strategic pillar for future energy transition，capable of replacing fossil fuels to achieve deep decarbonization in industries，transportation，and other sectors. In recent years，seawater electrolysis has emerged as a promising route for green hydrogen production，owing to its potential to utilize seawater as a feedstock and address offshore wind power utilization challenges in remote marine areas. However，current research on seawater electrolysis predominantly focuses on catalyst development at the material level，with insufficient attention to synergistic optimization at the system and process levels. To bridge this gap，this review systematically summarizes the state-of-the-art technologies and future trends in seawater electrolysis systems and processes. The system is decomposed into four key components：electrolyzer，power supply system，gas-liquid separation system，and gas purification system，with a comprehensive analysis of their current research progress. Additionally，this paper highlights innovations in non-catalyst aspects，including technological and methodological advancements. Finally，future directions and application prospects for seawater electrolysis systems are discussed，emphasizing the importance of integrated system design， scalability， and cost-effectiveness to accelerate industrial deployment. This work aims to provide insights into the holistic development of seawater electrolysis technology for sustainable hydrogen production.