电动汽车无线充电系统接收端位置大范围唯一性辨识系统设计

In the practical application of an electric vehicle (EV) wireless charging system, quite a few human-driven or driverless electric vehicles cannot accurately stop in the effective charging area without parking guidance. During charging process, the receiver misalignment beyond an acceptable range will cause severe problems such as low charging efficiency, excess electromagnetic radiation and rapid temperature rise of the system components. Since the beginning of industrialization of EV wireless charging technology, position detection (PD), as one of the three main auxiliary functions for wireless power transfer (WPT), has been widely researched by several researchers and institutes for years. By far, hundreds of PD methods have been proposed, but there are still many problems to positioning accurately within a wide range. Based on electromagnetic (EM) position detection method, this paper proposed an accurate PD system applied to large misalignment range for EV wireless charging system. By reasonable design of the positioning coil array and optimized calculation of the induced voltages, it gets the position coordinates of the receiver in widediscrete two-dimensional space accurately and effectively. Difficulties for the application of EM position detection to a large range stem from the low magnitude and symmetric spatial distribution of the magnetic field. To address the problem, a PD device using a triple coil array was proposed. The coil array was fixed on board, quite under the receiver coil, with the outer contour the same as the vehicle assembly (VA) for making full use of the installation space. Small quantities of the PD coils together with the design of coil geometric parameters based on effective magnetic flux area achieve a sufficient induced voltage magnitude. Non-centrosymmetric arrangement of the PD coils and the asymmetric spatial mapping relationship from each PD coil to VA guarantee the one-to-one correspondence between the VA position and the induced voltage vector. During positioning process, low power excitation was added to the coil of the ground assembly (GA), and the PD coil array moves with VA. Before positioning, fingerprint database should be set up, so that the fitted induced voltage curves can be obtained. Position detection is a process of finding the space coordinates corresponding to the real-time obtained voltages on the fitted curves based on one-to-one correspondence relationship. In fact, those fitted curves are non-monotonic and therefore have no inverse functions. As the car moves in a straight line, the real-time voltages are regarded as three straight lines in coordinate system. By intersecting them with three corresponding fitted curves, three spatial coordinate sets can be obtained, and the final result lies in the intersection set of the three. As the car in user response costs by introducing a response willingness parameter in the cost function. The higher the willingness of large-scale users to respond, the lower the cost of response. CDMBM provided a basis for the accurate modeling of large-scale users' decision behaviors of reduction-type DR and absorption-type DR. Secondly, an incentive DR master-slave game model was constructed between ISO and multiple large-scale users. The upper level model was the optimization model of joint clearing of electric energy and FRP with ISO as the decision-making body, and the lower level model was the optimization model of DR decision-making with large-scale users participating in the joint market. ISO aimed to minimize incentive compensation costs with the goal of meeting the flexibility requirements, while large-scale users aimed to maximize the benefits of providing DR services. Both parties are interdependent. Finally, by taking the KKT condition of the lower model as the constraint condition of the upper model, the master-slave game problem was transformed into a mathematical optimization problem with linear equilibrium constraint for solving. The game behavior between ISO and large-scale users was described by the master-slave game equilibrium. The DR unit incentive compensation cost considering user differentiation was obtained according to the equilibrium result of the game between both parties. The results show that differentiated compensation is carried out according to the response willingness of large-scale users. Large-scale users are effectively encouraged to participate in the joint clearing market of electric energy and FRP market. The unit incentive compensation cost not only meets the needs of large-scale users and ISO, but also effectively alleviates the sharp increase in incentive compensation costs when there is a lack of flexible ramping capability. Large-scale users reserve flexible ramping capacity in the FRP market to provide flexible climbing capacity, which reduce the pressure of thermal power units. The cost of FRP accounts for only 0.31% of the total system cost. The proposed DR optimization strategy enhances the system's flexibility while considering economic efficiency.