电动汽车动态无线供电系统位置检测技术研究综述

Dynamic wireless power transfer technology provides a disruptive solution for the energy supply mode of electric vehicles. To improve the system's efficiency and safety, a segmented rail array arrangement and flexible switching based on vehicle position have become a necessary means. This paper summarizes the development status and vehicle positioning method of dynamic wireless power transfer technology for electric vehicles, reviews the application and innovation of position detection technology, and discusses the development process, current technical implementation, and key problems of position detection technology with auxiliary detection device and longitudinal position detection technology without auxiliary detection device. It is concluded that the position detection technology requires further improvement in detection accuracy, response speed, cost, and environmental adaptability. Future research directions are prospectively outlined to provide a reference for the research of position detection technology in dynamic wireless power supply systems. Firstly, the positioning mode of the vehicle at this stage comprises global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning, inertial navigation system (INS) positioning, map matching positioning, wireless communication positioning, magnetic positioning, and visual positioning, generally with issues related to positioning accuracy and real-time performance. Directly applying it to the position detection of a dynamic wireless power transfer system is challenging, and various methods must be fused. Secondly, the position detection technology of a dynamic wireless power transfer system can be divided into longitudinal/transverse position detection technology with auxiliary detection devices and longitudinal position detection technology without auxiliary detection devices. The technology of unassisted detection devices has cost and power consumption advantages, but its adaptability in complex environments is slightly lower than that of assisted device technology. The technology of auxiliary detection devices offers high accuracy and reliability, making it suitable for various complex environments. However, it often requires a certain amount of space and increases system costs. Lastly, the maturity and application of position detection technology in dynamic wireless power transfer systems must solve the problems of detection accuracy, response speed, cost, and environmental adaptability. These can be considered in studying lateral position detection technology, which does not require auxiliary detection devices, offers full integration with vehicle positioning systems, and leverages a combination of big data and intelligent algorithms.