氮杂环污染物对微藻氮代谢的双重效应研究进展

The rapid development of strategic emerging industries has intensified the migration and enrichment of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds (NHCs) in aquatic environments, posing severe threats to ecological functions by disrupting nitrogen cycle homeostasis. This study systematically elucidates the dual effects of NHCs on microalgal nitrogen metabolism. On one hand, NHCs may function as alternative nitrogen sources, with their bioavailability contingent upon bacterial transmembrane transport, ring-opening reactions that liberate nitrogen, and subsequent assimilation processes within algal cells. On the other hand, NHCs act as stressors that perturb nitrogen metabolism by disrupting the photosynthetic electron transport chain, altering the synthesis and stability of photosynthetic pigments, and inducing oxidative stress responses. Building upon these findings, the review further delves into the influence of NHC molecular structures and environmental parameters-particularly light availability-on the mechanisms by which NHCs interfere with algal nitrogen metabolic pathways. In light of existing knowledge gaps, future research should prioritize the development of integrative regulatory models addressing nitrogen metabolism under combined NHC and inorganic nitrogen stress, molecular interactions and targeted regulation in algae-bacteria symbiotic systems, and the exploration of nanomaterial-mediated strategies to enhance electron transport efficiency. Advancements in these areas hold the potential to enable precise manipulation of nitrogen metabolic pathways in aquatic systems and to facilitate the efficient degradation of nitrogenous contaminants.