快速凝固 Al₂O₃-ZrO₂基共晶陶瓷材料先进制备与高温力学性能研究进展

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂-based eutectic ceramics,fabricated by rapid solidification technology and composed of ultrafine,three-dimensionally intertwined single-crystal domains,represent a distinct category of eutectic oxides. These materials exhibit exceptionally high-temperature mechanical properties,such as strength, toughness,and creep resistance when aligned along the preferred growth direction,rendering them preferred ultrahigh-temperature structural materials for long-term operation in high-temperature oxidizing atmospheres. This paper comprehensively reviews the eutectic systems,advanced preparation techniques,microstructure characteristics,and mechanical properties of Al₂O₃-ZrO₂-based eutectic ceramics,with particular emphasis on their high-temperature mechanical performance. It begins by summarizing the material systems of Al₂O₃ZrO₂-based eutectic ceramics developed to date,followed by a concise introduction to the basic principles, advantages,limitations,and application areas of their advanced preparation technologies. Finally,a detailed comparative analysis is provided,highlighting the typical microstructures and high-temperature mechanical properties-including creep resistance and flexural strength-of Al₂O₃-ZrO₂-based eutectic ceramics prepared by advanced processes. Compared to traditional eutectic ceramics,Al₂O₃-ZrO₂-based eutectic ceramics fabricated by rapid solidification technology,characterized by unique microstructures and superior mechanical properties,not only enhance the performance and preparation efficiency of conventional sintered oxide materials but also demonstrate unprecedented potential for applications in extreme environments involving high temperatures,high pressures,and strong oxidation.