建筑雪工程学研究方法综述

Snow engineering for buildings is a new academic discipline, which aims to investigate and forecast the influence of snowfalls on buildings and surroundings as well as the possibility of the disaster such as buildings collapse induced by snow accumulation, based on interdisciplinary researches such as physics, geophysics and catastrophology etc. This paper presents an in-depth review and analysis on the development of three main research methods, namely, field measurement, experimental research and numerical simulation. In terms of the field measurement, the development and theoretical models of several important factors, including snow transport by wind and snow melt by heat transfer, are investigated; the focus of this method in China in the future is also pointed out. Four different research techniques involved in experiments and the establishment of their similarity criterions as well as the selection of relevant parameters are summarized, followed by the necessity of establishing the professional climatic wind tunnel for snow drift research. By reviewing the progress of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation method, the achievement of existing simulation methods and their potential shortcomings are summarized so as to show the direction of the future improvements in this research method.