并网逆变器同步稳定性分析与控制策略研究综述

[Objective] With the increasing penetration of power electronic devices in the new power systems, the system is gradually evolving from a "physical synchronization" paradigm dominated by synchronous generators to a "control-based synchronization" paradigm dominated by grid-connected inverters. Due to the strong nonlinearity, limited overcurrent capability, and multi-inverter coupling characteristics of grid-connected inverters, synchronization stability issues exhibit multi-level features, extending from local dynamics to system-wide interactions. [Methods] To address this, this paper presents a comprehensive review from two perspectives, single-machine infinite-bus systems and hybrid systems. For the single-machine infinite-bus systems, virtual power angle dynamic models describing the synchronization behavior of grid-following (GFL) inverters, virtual synchronous generator-based, and virtual oscillator-based grid-forming (GFM) inverters with the grid are introduced. Based on the virtual power angle curves, the key factors affecting the synchronization stability of different inverter types are analyzed, and representative stabilization control strategies are summarized. For hybrid systems, considering the interactive coupling among control loops of GFL and GFM inverters, equivalent power angle dynamic models under both islanded and grid-connected modes are established, and the mechanisms of synchronization instability caused by multi-machine interactions, together with corresponding stabilization control strategies, are systematically reviewed. [Conclusions] Based on an analysis of existing research progress, future research directions on the synchronization stability of grid-connected inverters are discussed from the perspectives of multi-time-scale modeling, multi-scenario stability assessment, and coordinated stabilization control.