太阳能热催化二氧化碳转化机理研究进展

Solar thermal catalytic reduction technology is an important and emerging technical route for carbon dioxide utilization, and different catalysts can realize the conversion of CO₂ to CO, CH₄, HCOOH, MeOH and synthetic gas. During the conversion process, the condition of light-induced hot-electron, as well as the heating system in a certain thermal environment is also affected by photo-thermal conversion efficiency, material selectivity, and system structure and working parameters, which directly determines the overall conversion efficiency. This article analyzes the scientific and technological issues, challenges, and needs relating to thermal-driven CO₂ catalytic conversion. The reaction thermodynamics and dynamic mechanisms of CO₂ thermochemical conversion, as well as major progress in the development of new reactors and materials, are systematically summarized. It is pointed out that considering the matching energy spectrum characteristics and light combining thermal catalysts could achieve a high conversion rate and high selectivity under low energy input conditions. CO₂ hydrogenation to C₁₊ and C₂₊ fuels production can effectively expand the scale of solar photo-thermal coupling utilization, and making it in line with the chemical industry has important research values and broad application prospects.