多工作高度下条纹管成像激光雷达扫帚式 扫描机制的探测性能验证

The ground detection performance of Streak-Tube Imaging LiDAR (STIL) that employs a push-broom scanning mechanism is governed by complex interactions among multiple system parameters, which requires precise configuration for optimal operation. This research aims to quantitatively analyze how echo imaging and scanning unit parameters influence swath coverage characteristics through geometric modeling. Furthermore, it seeks to experimentally validate the universality of the push-broom scanning model across different operational altitudes and establish quantitative relationships between altitude, detection efficiency, and point density. The ultimate objective is to achieve an optimal balance among these competing performance metrics to meet the demanding requirements of large-scale, efficient, high-resolution remote sensing applications, thereby providing practical guidance for system parameter optimization in real-world surveying scenarios. A comprehensive investigation was conducted through integrated theoretical modeling and experimental validation. Initially, we developed a simplified two-dimensional geometric distribution model of the scanning swath to systematically quantify the effects of key system parameters on swath coverage characteristics. This model incorporated critical parameters, including scanning angle range, angular resolution, and flight parameters. Numerical simulations were subsequently performed to examine the fundamental relationships between these parameters and their collective impact on system performance. To empirically validate the model predictions and investigate altitude-dependent performance variations, we designed and executed systematic airborne flight experiments at multiple altitudes up to 6 km. These experiments included precise measurements at altitudes of 2 km, 3 km, and 6 km, enabling a thorough assessment of system behavior across a practically significant operational range. The experimental protocol was specifically structured to quantify several key performance indicators: swath coverage area, detection efficiency (expressed in km²per minute), point density (points per square meter), and vertical measurement accuracy. Data collection and subsequent analysis focused particularly on establishing quantitative patterns of how detection efficiency and point density vary with increasing altitude, while simultaneously verifying the fundamental premise of model universality across different flight levels. The integrated approach of numerical simulation and experimental validation provided substantial insights into system performance characteristics. Numerical analysis revealed two fundamental linear relationships: both point spacing along the flight direction and swath width showed a strict linear dependence on altitude. This finding provides strong evidence for the exceptional stability of the streak-tube detector’s angular resolution in echo space, confirming a fundamental advantage of the STIL technology for push-broom scanning applications. Flight experiments conducted across the 2~6 km altitude spectrum confirmed that the system consistently maintained high vertical measurement accuracy while demonstrating predictable performance scaling with altitude. Quantitative analysis revealed several significant trends. As altitude increased from 2 km to 6 km, the coverage area of a single scanning swath expanded substantially, growing from 0.17 km²to 1.68 km², representing nearly a tenfold increase. This expansion directly contributed to remarkable gains in system-level productivity, with detection efficiency improving markedly from 5.5 km²/min to 18.9 km²/min, highlighting the system’s exceptional capability for large-area survey operations. Concurrently, the system demonstrated adaptable point density performance, with density values adjusting from 6.4 points/m²at 2 km to 1.8 points/m²at 6 km. This inverse relationship between altitude and point density follows expected geometric principles but importantly demonstrates the system’s capability to maintain practically useful density levels even at extended ranges. Particularly noteworthy was the system performance at the intermediate altitude of 3 km, where a balanced operational paradigm was achieved, yielding a point density of 3.5 points/m²coupled with a detection efficiency of 10.5 km²/min. This intermediate performance point effectively demonstrates the system’s capability to negotiate the inherent trade-off between spatial resolution and area coverage rate through strategic parameter configuration. The consistency between simulated predictions and experimental measurements across all tested altitudes provides compelling validation for the push-broom STIL model’s universality throughout the kilometer­level altitude range. Furthermore, the experiments successfully established precise quantitative relationships governing how detection efficiency and point density vary with altitude, providing practical predictive capabilities for mission planning. The study verifies the fundamental linear relationships between key geometric parameters and altitude, confirming the inherent stability of the streak-tube detection methodology. It establishes quantitative performance patterns that provide critical guidance for system optimization across various operational scenarios. Furthermore, the research demonstrates the feasibility of achieving an optimal balance between detection efficiency and point density through collaborative parameter configuration. These findings offer a validated approach for obtaining large-scale, high-precision 3D geographic information and contribute to advancing the development of next-generation airborne STIL systems.