基于 Meta 分析的中国工矿业场地土壤重金属污染评价

Industrial and mining activities are the main sources of soil heavy metal pollution. Due to the imperfect management system and the weak awareness of early enterprises, the soil environmental problems of industrial and mining sites in China are prominent. In this paper, Meta-analysis was carried out on 141 sites of soil heavy metal pollution of national industrial and mining enterprise sites published in 2005-2022 in databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, and Web of Science. The pollution status, spatial distribution and industrial characteristics of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu and As in the industrial and mining sites and surrounding soils were investigated by using the geoaccumulation index method and potential ecological risk index method. The results of the random effect model of Meta-analysis showed that the contents of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu and As in the industrial and mining sites and surrounding soils increased by an average of 897.42%, 233.34%, 232.34%, 196.83% and 171.29%, respectively, compared with the background values. The distribution of heavy metal pollutants suggested that the soil pollution of industrial and mining sites was more serious in the developed areas such as the southeastern coast and the Yangtze River Delta, while the pollution in the northern region was less serious. Among all heavy metals, Cd was the main pollutant. From the perspective of industry characteristics, the difference between the Pb, As content and background value of the fossil fuel mining site and the surrounding soil was not significant. Non-ferrous metal mining led to a significant increase in soil heavy metal content, among which Cd pollution was very prominent, and the increase in soil Cd content was as high as 964.40%. 49.21% of the soil in non-ferrous metal mining areas had extremely strong potential ecological risk; the pollution of fossil fuel mining sites was relatively low, and 60.87% of the sites had mild potential ecological risk. The studies have shown that Cd is the primary pollutant of heavy metal pollution in China's industrial and mining soil, and the pollution hazard of non-ferrous metal mining is more significant.