基于生命周期评价的氢能重卡排放分析

To analyze the advantages of hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty vehicles (FCHDVs) compared to conventional energy heavy-duty vehicles under China's current energy structure, this study employed the life cycle assessment method and the GREET model developed by the Argonne National Laboratory. A controlled variable method was used to compare the full life cycle air pollutant emissions of FCHDVs and diesel heavy-duty vehicles under the coal-to-hydrogen and renewable energy-to-hydrogen pathways. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on factors affecting vehicle emissions. Finally, a fleet replacement model analysis was performed using the heavy-duty vehicle fleet in Yulin City as a case study. Simulation results indicate that FCHDVs using the renewable energy-to-hydrogen pathway reduce various air pollutant emissions by an average of 68.74% compared to diesel heavy-duty vehicles. FCHDVs using the coal-to-hydrogen pathway emit lower levels of CO, NO_x and CO₂ gases on average than diesel heavy-duty vehicles. Hydrogen production from renewable energy generation reduces air pollutant emissions from hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty vehicles by an average of 92.41% compared to ordinary electrolysis hydrogen production. Long-haul FCHDVs reduce air pollutant emissions by 12.57% compared to short-haul FCHDVs. Replacing diesel heavy-duty vehicles with FCHDVs is expected to reduce the overall fleet's air pollutant emissions by 13.77% by 2030. This paper analyzes the emission levels of air pollutants from FCHDVs in the context of road transportation and provides a basis for the subsequent promotion of FCHDVs.