中国重点城市饮用水中锑的污染特征及健康风险评价

Antimony is a potentially carcinogenic toxic metal that is widely used in industry and healthcare. China is the main producer and consumer of antimony，and antimony in the environment can enter the human body through multiple routes such as water，air，food，and skin contact. Long-term exposure to antimony may affect human health，therefore，the research on the current situation and health risks of antimony pollution in China offers a foundation for environmental management. This study used the Q-Q plot method to handle the nondetects in the sample，and used the non-detectable response analysis（NRA）method to derive the Acceptable Daily Intake（ADI）of antimony. The joint probability distribution method was used to calculate the probability of exceeding the maximum No Observed Adverse Effect Level（NOAEL）of antimony，and evaluate the health risks of antimony in drinking water in different populations during the 11th and 13th Five-Year Plans in China，and analyze the risk variation pattern. The results are as follows：From 2007 to 2021，the average concentrations of antimony in each region were ranked as follows：South China > East China > Northeast China > Central China > Southwest China > Northwest China > North China. The mean concentrations of antimony in water sources were 0.17 μg.L^-1，0.37 μg.L^-1，and 0.27 μg.L^-1，respectively. The CDI ranking order of antimony in drinking water in different periods is：12th Five-Year Plan > 13th Five-Year Plan > 11th Five-Year Plan. The health risks of different age groups showed the trend of infants and toddlers > adolescents > adults. The probabilities of antimony exceeding the NOAEL were 4.3%，2.4%，and 2.3%，respectively，and the risk exceeding probability showed a downward trend year by year.