中国第 13 次北冰洋科学考察“雪龙 2”号航区低层大气风场特征

The Arctic has become one of the most sensitive regions to global climate change due to its amplification effect. The low-altitude wind field characteristics of the region are of great significance for the research of atmospheric evolution processes in the Arctic and even in the Northern Hemisphere, as well as to the global weather and climate. In order to finely detect the structure and changes of the wind field in the low atmosphere of the Arctic region, a set of Coherent Doppler Wind Lidar was depoyed on board the polar research icebreaker Xuelong 2 based during the 13th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition. With the obtained low-altitude wind field data, the characteristics of the average wind field and the wind field structure of typical weather events in the cruising area are explored. The main results are as follows. (1) The average wind field over the navigation area of the Xuelong 2 is related to the monsoon. The wind direction was dominated by southerly winds in summer, with a maximum wind speed of 13 m·s^–1, and the wind direction was variable in autumn. (2) The maximum wind speed in the navigation area in mid-September was dominated by northwest winds, with the maximum wind speed exceeding 25 m·s^–1. The rest of the time, the wind speed in the north cold zone was approximately 8 m·s^–1. (3) With the wind barbs and vertical airflow information, some typical wind field characteristics were also observed over the navigation area, including stable weak wind and stable strong wind fields, wind fields with direction and wind speed transitions, and strong convective wind fields. Atmospheric circulation changes can be inferred from typical wind fields and provide data support for weather forecasting on the future routes.